To tackle the task of reducing its socioeconomic and environmental effects and thus stabilizing the three pillars of sustainability, the environmentally friendly processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been identified as crucial. Waste minimization, recycling, sanitation, and closure of polluted landfills, improving the recovery of landfill gas, composting, and recovery of energy are some of the solutions to resolve this problem. Among all these, the most promising approach to tackle the issue of waste generation is Waste-to-Energy (WTE) which acts as a prospective source of energy while minimizing emissions and land use.
The recovery of resources provides a workable solution, which entails the use or extraction of discarded waste materials for reuse; intending to reduce the amount of raw materials consumption, restricting the emission of GHGs, and reducing the volume of dumped waste. Recycling, composting, and generating electricity from waste are all potential resource recycling options for reducing waste in landfills.